Citing Sources and Footnoting:

MORE IN-DEPTH TURABIAN CITATION GUIDE
(adapted from Kate L. Turabian's A Manual For Writers, 6th ed., available in the library)
In the text of the paper, footnotes and endnotes are marked with a smaller number slightly above the line (superscript).
Footnotes are arranged numerically at the end of each page, while endnotes are arranged numerically at the end of the paper.


If you are using the in-text citation format, also known as a parenthetical reference, you would then call your bibliography a Reference List.

BOOK (one author):
Bibliography:
Murray, Elizabeth. British Parliamentary Democracy. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987.
      (all subsequent lines indent 5 spaces)

Footnote or Endnote:
     Elizabeth Murray, British Parliamentary Democracy (New Haven: Yale University
Press, 1987), 23. (first line indent 5 spaces, subsequent lines,  no indentation)

     Murray, 67. (The second footnote with same author doesn't require bibliographic information)
In text note:
(Murray 1987, 23)

BOOK (multiple authors)
Bibliography:
Houghton, Walter E., and G. Robert Strange. Victorian Poertry and Poetics. Cambridge: Harvard
     University Press, 1959.
Footnote or Endnote:
      Walter E. Houghton and G. Robert Strange, Victorian Poetry and Poetics (Cambridge: Harvard
University Press, 1959), 27.
In text note:
(Houghton and Strange 1959, 27)

EDITOR OR COMPILER AS AUTHOR
Bibliography:
von Hallberg, Robert, ed. Canons. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.
Footnote or Endnote:
     Robert von Hallberg, ed., Canons (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984), 143.
In text note:
(von Hallberg 1950, 143)

CHAPTER OR ARTICLE BY ONE AUTHOR IN A WORK BY ANOTHER
Bibliography:
Young, Arthur. "Plight of the French Peasants." In Sources of the Western Tradition, ed. Marvin Perry et al., 93-95.
     Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1999.

Footnote or Endnote:
     Arthur Young, "Plight of the French Peasants," in Sources of the Western Tradition, ed. Marvin Perry et al.
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1999), 93.
In text note:
(Young 1999, 93)

ENCYCLOPEDIA
Bibliography:
Smith, John. "Modern Art." In Encyclopedia of the Arts. 5th ed.  (If the article is signed by an author)
"Napoleon."In Columbia Encyclopedia, 4th ed. 
(If the article is unsigned)
Footnote or Endnote:
              
      John Smith, "Modern Art," in
Encyclopedia of the Arts. 5th ed.  
(If the article is signed by an author)

     "Napoleon," in Columbia Encyclopedia, 4th ed., s.v.  (If the article is unsigned)        
In text note:
 (Morris Jastrow, "Napoleon," in Encyclopedia Americana, 11th ed.) (Signed article)
 (Encyclopedia Americana, 5th ed., s.v. "Napoleon.") 
(Unsigned article)

ONLINE ENCYCLOPEDIA
Bibliography:
"Reformation."In Encyclopedia Britannica from Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
     Available http://search.eb.com/eb/article?tocId=9063023. Accessed March 1, 2005.

Footnote or Endnote:              
      "Reformation,"in
Encyclopedia Britannica from Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
Available http://search.eb.com/eb/article?tocId=9063023. Accessed March 1, 2005.

In text note:
 ("Reformation,"in Encyclopedia Britannica from Encyclopedia Britannica Online.)


MAGAZINE
Bibliography:
Stewart, George. "The New American Photography." New York Times Magazine, 23
     July 1994, 9-13.

Footnote or Endnote:
      George Stewart,"The New American Photography," New York Times Magazine, 23
July 1994, 9.

In text note:
(Stewart 1994, 9)

JOURNAL
Bibliography:
Jackson, Richard. "Running Down the Up Escalator: Regional Inequality in Papua New Guinea."
     Australian Geographer
14 (May 1979): 175-84.

Footnote or Endnote:
     Richard Jackson, "Running Down the Up Escalator: Regional Inequality in Papua New Guinea,"
Australian Geographer
14 (May 1979): 180.

In text footnote:
(Jackson 1979, 180)

NEWSPAPER ARTICLE
Bibliography:
Kerney, Regan. "How to Play Hockey: My Way." The Washington Post, 10 February 1996,
     sec. B, p.3.

Footnote or Endnote:
      Regan Kerney, "How to Play Hockey: My Way," The Washington Post, 10 February
1996, sec. B, p.3.

In text note:
(The Washington Post 10 February 1996)

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE (ONLINE)
Bibliography:
McKee, Bradford. "Maya Lin, Earth Mover." Harper's Bazaar, October 2000, Iss 3467, p242, 1p.
     Available from Proquest Direct, Document ID61916960.http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=61916960&
     sid=1&Fmt=1&clientId=7894&RQT=309&VName=PQD(Accessed 18 November, 2004)

Footnote or Endnote:
     McKee, Bradford. "Maya Lin, Earth Mover." Harper's Bazaar, October 2000, Iss 3467, p242, 1p.
Available from Proquest Direct, Document ID61916960.http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=61916960&
sid=1&Fmt=1&clientId=7894&RQT=309&VName=PQD (Accessed 18 November, 2004)

In text:
(McKee, 2000)
INTERNET
Bibliography:
Yule, James "The Cold War Revisited: A Splintered Germany," Available Http://www.coldwar.gov/countries/
     Germany/germany.html. Accessed November 21, 2004.

Footnote or Endnote:
     James Yule, "The Cold War Revisited: A Splintered Germany," Available
http://www.coldwar.gov/countries/Germany/germany.html, accessed November 21, 2004.

In text note:
(Yule, 2004)

UNPUBLISHED INTERVIEW by Writer of Paper
Bibliography:
Weiss, Larry. Head of Saint Ann's School. Interview by author, 23 September 2004, Brooklyn, New York.
     Tape recording.

Footnote or Endnote:
      Larry Weiss, Head of Saint Ann's School, interview by author, 23 Septenber 2004, Brooklyn, New York,
t
ape recording.
In text note:
(Weiss, 2004)

For more extensive information go to the Turabian Style, Turabian Style Guide or Turabian Citation Guide.