Citing Sources and Footnoting:

Duke University Library clearly explains how to cite sources when using APA, Chicago, MLA & Turabian style formats.

Citation Machine will help you cite your sources properly using either MLA, APA or Chicago style formats.

Turabian Citation style for 8th & 9th grade term papers.
(adapted from Kate L. Turabian's A Manual For Writers, 6th ed., available in the library)
In the text of the paper, footnotes and endnotes are marked with a smaller number slightly above the line (superscript).
Footnotes are arranged numerically at the end of each page, while endnotes are arranged numerically at the end of the paper.

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TURABIAN CITATION GUIDE

BOOK (one author):
Bibliography:
Murray, Elizabeth. British Parliamentary Democracy. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987.
      (all subsequent lines indent 5 spaces)
Footnote/ Endnote:
          Elizabeth Murray, British Parliamentary Democracy (New Haven: Yale University
Press, 1987), 23. (first line indent 5 spaces, subsequent lines,  no indentation)

          Murray, 67. (The second footnote with same author doesn't require bibliographic information)

BOOK (multiple authors)
Bibliography:
Houghton, Walter E., and G. Robert Strange. Victorian Poertry and Poetics. Cambridge: Harvard
          University Press, 1959.
Footnote/Endnote:
      Walter E. Houghton and G. Robert Strange, Victorian Poetry and Poetics (Cambridge: Harvard
University Press, 1959), 27.

EDITOR OR COMPILER AS AUTHOR
Bibliography:
von Hallberg, Robert, ed. Canons. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.
Footnote/Endnote:
            Robert von Hallberg, ed., Canons (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984), 143.

CHAPTER OR ARTICLE BY ONE AUTHOR IN A WORK BY ANOTHER
Bibliography:
Young, Arthur. "Plight of the French Peasants." In Sources of the Western Tradition, ed. Marvin Perry et al., 93-95.
           Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1999.
Footnote/Endnote:
             Arthur Young, "Plight of the French Peasants," in Sources of the Western Tradition, ed. Marvin Perry et al.
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1999), 93.

ENCYCLOPEDIA
Bibliography:
Smith, John. "Modern Art." In Encyclopedia of the Arts. 5th ed.  (If the article is signed by an author)

 "Napoleon."In Columbia Encyclopedia, 4th ed.  (If the article is unsigned)
Footnote/Endnote:              
         John Smith, "Modern Art," in Encyclopedia of the Arts, 5th ed.  (If the article is signed by an author)

         "Napoleon,"in Columbia Encyclopedia, 4th ed., s.v.  (If the article is unsigned)        

ONLINE ENCYCLOPEDIA
Bibliography:
"Reformation." In Encyclopedia Britannica from Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
        Available http://search.eb.com/eb/article?tocId=9063023. Accessed March 1, 2005.
Footnote/Endnote:              
        "Reformation," in Encyclopedia Britannica from Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
Available http://search.eb.com/eb/article?tocId=9063023. Accessed March 1, 2005. 

MAGAZINE
Bibliography:
Stewart, George. "The New American Photography." New York Times Magazine, 23
         July 1994, 9-13.
Footnote/Endnote:
        Stewart, George,"The New American Photography," New York Times Magazine, 23
July 1994, 9.

JOURNAL
Bibliography:
Jackson, Richard. "Running Down the Up Escalator: Regional Inequality in Papua New Guinea."
       Australian Geographer 14 (May 1979): 175-84.
Footnote/Endnote:
          Richard Jackson, "Running Down the Up Escalator: Regional Inequality in Papua New Guinea,"
Australian Geographer 14 (May 1979): 180.

NEWSPAPER ARTICLE
Bibliography:
Kerney, Regan. "How to Play Hockey: My Way." The Washington Post, 10 February 1996,
         sec. B, p.3.
Footnote/Endnote:
           Regan Kerney, "How to Play Hockey: My Way," The Washington Post, 10 February
1996, sec. B, p.3.

FULL-TEXT ARTICLE (Online Databases)
In the formal citation of sources, one would normally include the entire URL,
but for your Saint Ann's research projects, use the format below.
Bibliography:
McKee, Bradford. "Maya Lin, Earth Mover." Harper's Bazaar, October 2000, Iss 3467, p242, 1p.
           Available from Proquest Direct, Document ID 61916960. Accessed 18 November, 2004.
Footnote/Endnote:
          McKee, Bradford. "Maya Lin, Earth Mover," Harper's Bazaar, October 2000, Iss 3467, p242, 1p.
Available from Proquest Direct, Document ID 61916960. (Accessed 18 November, 2004).

INTERNET
Bibliography:
Yule, James "The Cold War Revisited: A Splintered Germany," Available http://www.coldwar.gov/countries/
        Germany/germany.html. Accessed November 21, 2004.
Footnote/Endnote:
           James Yule, "The Cold War Revisited: A Splintered Germany," Available
http://www.coldwar.gov/countries/Germany/germany.html, (Accessed November 21, 2004).

UNPUBLISHED INTERVIEW by writer of paper
Bibliography:
Weiss, Larry. Head of Saint Ann's School. Interview by author, 23 September 2004, Brooklyn, New York.
         Tape recording.
Footnote/Endnote:
        Larry Weiss, Head of Saint Ann's School, interview by author, 23 Septenber 2004, Brooklyn, New York,
tape recording.

For more extensive information go to the Turabian Style, Turabian Style Guide or Turabian Citation Guide.